There should be a division somewhere in the poem, which focuses first on one thing, then on another, which is normally at the end or first part of the poem. In this poem, we can see that the division was done a couple of times.

Oh the brilliant beauties - robbed of brilliance/day's near/bullied by the sun

Personally, I would put the lines together as:

oh, the bright beauties
robbed of brilliance, bullied by the sun
day's near

The first 2 lines should go together and normally are about nature while the third line should be of a complete surprise. Most of the times, poets tend to create a third line that is seemingly unrelated to the first 2 lines but if you really look closer, they are surprisingly connected.

For example:

Driving to Eugene

White knuckles gripping
My back now soaking in sweat
Time to pull over

(different syllable count)

Snow in my shoe
Abandoned
Sparrow's nest

Also, there are only two syllables in the word brilliant - brill - iant.

But in all honesty, this is indeed, much better than you might think, as your first Haiku, and far better than some other haikus I see around here.

This is a great attempt at a haiku,

I love how you describe the rising sun, bullying the stars by introducing daylight.

The only thing I would change is to get rid of the comma after 'oh'

I don't think you need any punctuation for a haiku IMO